Glossary

The standard width of photographic film for decades. The Advantix format was designed to bridge 35mm film and digital cameras that were still too expensive for most buyers.

A journal of management research. Thomas Ference, James Stoner, and Kirby Warren published their 1977 paper on career plateaus there.

A late-1990s industry format for drop-in film cartridges with automatic threading and multiple print sizes. Kodak called its version Advantix.

Kodak's brand for its version of the Advanced Photo System: a new film cartridge launched in 1996, designed to look like the future while still being film.

Care during pregnancy. Named among the ASHA rounds.

Accredited Social Health Activist. In India, a community health volunteer enrolled in a government programme. The chapters use the word for a category of work that is paid by honorarium, not salary.

A Fujifilm skincare line launched in 2007. The company describes it as applying knowledge from photographic film — collagen, thin layers, fading in light — to cosmetics.

A card from a previous Suneung sitting. Lee Jin-yeong kept one with answers scribbled on the back.

A legal structure in which a subsidiary's debts and obligations cannot reach the parent company. Marvel used such a structure for its film-loan subsidiary.

A character in Isabel Allende's *The House of the Spirits*. Her first sentence — "Barrabas came to us by sea" — arrived in January 1981 without her knowing who he was.

A UK document confirming the right to live in Britain. Paulette Wilson received one in January 2018 reporting, described as confirming settled status.

Ethiopia's currency. Chekole Menberu's factory wage is given in birr only.

A wheat field at Rothamsted Research in England. An experiment has run there since 1843: wheat sown and harvested, year after year, on all or part of the field.

When a new product eats the sales of an existing one. Kodak executives feared a digital camera would cannibalise film.

Requiring large fixed investment to operate. LEGO described its theme parks this way before selling them in 2005.

A form of bankruptcy protection in United States law. A company files voluntary petitions under chapter 11 to reorganise while continuing operations. Kodak did this in January 2012.

Jim Balsillie's term for the BlackBerry Storm touchscreen. Customers were asked to leave physical keys; the screen still behaved like something that wanted to be pressed.

A workplace that hires only union members, or otherwise keeps a door shut by rule. Named in the chapter on comparison as a wall that is not a hallucination.

A group who lived through the same historical weather at the same age. Glen Elder used the word for Depression-era children; the book uses it for the people whose timetable you are being measured against.

A structural protein in skin and connective tissue. Fujifilm cited film-layer knowledge about collagen when moving into skincare.

Property pledged to secure a loan. Marvel pledged the theatrical film rights to ten characters as collateral for a five-hundred-and-twenty-five-million-dollar facility.

South Korea's university entrance examination. Abbreviated CSAT; commonly called Suneung.

Ordinary shares in a company. Kodak's old class was cancelled at emergence; a new class went to new money and unsecured creditors.

A Swiss legal process that pauses debt collection. Swissair's group entered one two days after flights were grounded in October 2001.

The parties who file for bankruptcy. Kodak and certain subsidiaries filed as debtors in January 2012.

Immune cells that present material to the rest of the immune system. Drew Weissman studied them; Katalin Karikó proposed using mRNA on them.

Accounting language for a business line being prepared for sale or closure. LEGO used it for the parks while they still had visitors.

Optical films for screens, grown from Fujifilm's coating work. Polarizers sit here.

A New York museum of Latin American and Latinx art. It showed Carmen Herrera's black-and-white paintings; a showing is not a sale.

Steven Sasson's name for the 1970s device that captured an image electronically instead of on film. Kodak patented it in 1978.

In bankruptcy, the date a reorganisation plan takes effect and the company leaves chapter 11. Kodak's plan became effective on 3 September 2013.

England's main knockout football competition. Micky Gynn was in the 1987 final; the chapter treats that Saturday as prior weather, not a method.

The transparent sheet a photographic emulsion sits on. FUJITAC was Fujifilm's 1958 brand for it.

A filing United States public companies must make with the Securities and Exchange Commission to report major events. Marvel's film facility and Kodak's emergence were reported this way.

A football move in which a club lets a player leave without a transfer fee. Bobby Gould's two-minute sentence to Micky Gynn.

A Fujifilm brand for photographic film base, launched in 1958. The same coating technology later appeared in watches, calculators, and display materials.

A style of non-representational art built from shapes, lines, and colour fields. Carmen Herrera worked in this tradition for decades before her first sale.

In aviation, a stop of flight operations. Swissair's was also a crew-hours clock, not only a cash metaphor.

Japanese playing cards decorated with flower designs. Nintendo began manufacturing and selling them in Kyoto in 1889; the company still sells decks today.

The United Kingdom ministry that handles immigration, passports, and related files. Its January 2018 sentence about Paulette Wilson used the phrase indefinite leave to remain.

A payment for work that is not called a salary. ASHAs receive an honorarium because they are classified as volunteers, not workers.

United Kingdom help with rent. Paulette Wilson's stopped after the 2015 letter.

A social-science journal. Leon Festinger published his 1954 paper on social comparison there.

A contemporary art gallery in Birmingham. Carmen Herrera's 2009 retrospective there landed in the same year a newspaper called her new.

Reducing a digital picture's file size so it can be stored. Named on Sasson and Hills's 1989 camera.

A United Kingdom detention site used before a planned removal. Paulette Wilson was taken to the one at Heathrow after Yarl's Wood.

Vaccination work. Named among the ASHA rounds.

A scientific journal. Karikó and Weissman published their 2005 paper on nucleoside modifications there.

To seize property, often for unpaid fees. Two Swissair aircraft were impounded at Heathrow in October 2001 over unpaid charges.

A UK immigration status with no time limit on how long a person may stay. In January 2018 the Home Office used this phrase; Amelia Gentleman wrote of "leave to remain." The wording is not the same.

A sheet of small images from a film roll, so copies can be ordered by number. Part of the Advantix bet.

Provoking an immune response. In the 1990s, mRNA was widely considered unstable, inflammatory, and hard to deliver — reasons labs were reluctant to fund it.

A sociological term for the modern sequence of preparation, work, and retirement, organised by age and filled with rules until it feels like nature. Martin Kohli studied this corridor.

The New York town where Herb Trimpe's Federal Express envelope arrived in May 1996.

Denmark's currency. LEGO's 2004 loss is left in kroner on purpose.

A LEGO moulding shop in Switzerland. It closed at the end of March 2004 after thirty years; one hundred and thirty-seven people were in the shop at closure.

Permission to stay in the United Kingdom. Paulette Wilson was reported as receiving it in January 2018; the exact instrument was not settled in the reporting.

The sequence of stages — education, employment, family, retirement — that a society expects a life to pass through. The book treats the expected sequence as cultural, not natural.

The official who winds up a failed company and later writes its chronology. Swissair's is the source for the afternoon grounding time.

The English-listening window of the Suneung. Nearby flights were banned during it.

Taking a company public on a stock market. Nintendo's rice and taxi experiments came after it listed.

The Havana institution that gave Carmen Herrera a first solo exhibition in 1950.

A strip on an Advantix film cartridge that records whether a flash fired or the day was cloudy, so the printing machine can adjust.

A unit measuring digital image resolution. Steven Sasson's 1989 camera used a 1.2 megapixel sensor.

Restaurant ratings issued by the Michelin guide. Marco Pierre White put three of them down and left by the back door of the Oak Room.

Messenger RNA. A molecule that carries instructions from DNA to build proteins. Karikó's line of work was unfashionable in 1990s university labs and later became central to COVID-19 vaccines.

An airline treated as a moving flag for a country, not only as a firm. Swissair was described this way for decades.

The United Kingdom system of contributions tied to employment and benefits. Paulette Wilson had thirty-four years recorded when her file was challenged.

Care of newborns. Named among the ASHA rounds.

A loan limited to specific pledged assets. If the borrower defaults, lenders may claim the collateral but not the borrower's other property. Marvel's film facility was structured this way.

A building block of RNA. Modifications to nucleosides changed how the immune system met synthetic mRNA — the discovery Karikó and Weissman published in 2005.

A chemical change to a building block of RNA. Karikó and Weissman's 2005 paper: those changes altered how the immune system met synthetic mRNA.

The London hotel restaurant where Marco Pierre White worked his last service, 23 December 1999.

Help finding a new job after a redundancy. Close to three hundred accepted it in the LEGO Action Plan year.

A court process aimed at a person rather than a company. Creditors sought it for Björn Borg in 1996; the outcome stays unset in the chapter.

A compact disc format Kodak offered in 1992: photographs from a film roll scanned and stored on a disc, for viewing on a television or computer.

A business that develops and prints photographs from film. Kodak bet that Photo CD would become as familiar as its yellow film boxes.

In career research, the point where the likelihood of further hierarchical promotion is very low. Thomas Ference and colleagues named managers who kept performing after promotion stopped as "solid citizens."

Optical films that filter light in a single direction. Part of Fujifilm's display-materials business, grown from coating technology developed for film.

A restructuring of a company's debt and ownership, often inside a courtroom. Marvel's 1996 five-hundred-and-twenty-five-million-dollar figure belonged to one; it is not the 2005 film facility.

Money sent to support someone. Theo's fifty francs in letter 901.

A place a person must appear on a set day as a condition of an immigration file. Paulette Wilson's was in Solihull.

An exhibition surveying an artist's work across many years. Herrera had a retrospective at Ikon Gallery in Birmingham in 2009, the same year a newspaper called her new.

An agricultural research station in Harpenden, England. Broadbalk is its wheat field.

India's currency. Kuzhipparamba Thankamony's October 2024 honorarium is given in rupees.

A Paris exhibition for abstract art. Carmen Herrera's work was shown there among other abstract painters after the war.

Highly influential or foundational. The Nobel Assembly's press release used the word for Karikó and Weissman's 2005 results, fifteen years before the COVID-19 pandemic.

United Kingdom payments tied to illness. Paulette Wilson's stopped with the housing benefit.

A protest that occupies a place by remaining there. The ASHA sit-in at the secretariat is weather, not the walk.

Evaluating your opinions or abilities against other people's when no objective measure is available. Leon Festinger described this drive in 1954.

Ference, Stoner, and Warren's term for people unlikely to receive further promotion who continue doing the work well.

A company created for one job, often to hold a loan. MVL Film Finance LLC was Marvel's borrower; the filing called it bankruptcy-remote.

Moving a business line out of the parent company. Kodak's imaging units went to a United Kingdom pension plan.

A Columbia University wartime unit that analysed operational problems for the military. Abraham Wald worked there on aircraft survivability.

Herb Trimpe's phrase for being fired by Federal Express mail without warning or a phone call.

Amsterdam's municipal modern-art museum. Jo van Gogh-Bonger's 1905 retrospective of Vincent was there.

South Korea's annual university entrance examination. On the Thursday it is held, much of the country pauses: shops close, planes are grounded, construction halts.

Drawing conclusions from only the cases that survived a process. Wald's problem: data on hits came only from aircraft that returned; hits on planes that did not return were unobservable.

A text news service on a television. Micky Gynn's hour with the sport, between the first round and the second.

Isabel Allende's first novel, born from the 1981 letter. Spanish title *La casa de los espíritus*.

Not currently favoured in a field. Karikó's mRNA work was unfashionable in 1990s grant committees long before it was urgent.

Data that cannot be collected. Hits on the aircraft that did not return were unobservable; that is Wald's sample problem.

Lenders without specific collateral. They received new Kodak shares under the emergence plan.

Fujifilm's medium-term restructuring plan, aimed at the fiscal year marking seventy-five years since the company was founded. Shigetaka Komori described moving resources away from the old film core.

Formal requests to enter bankruptcy. Eastman Kodak and its United States subsidiaries filed voluntary chapter 11 petitions on 19 January 2012.

Caribbean people who arrived in the United Kingdom between 1948 and 1971, often as British subjects. Later reporting used the name for a scandal over wrongful deportation threats to people who had lived in Britain for decades.

Legal recognition as a worker rather than a volunteer. Not reported as granted when the ASHA sit-in ended.

A United Kingdom immigration removal centre. Paulette Wilson was held there for a week in October 2017 before being taken to Heathrow for removal.

A Korean sticky rice cake. Last-year students eat it for luck before the Suneung exam.